For an individual, the following are the common general insurance plans that cover personal losses.
Two-wheeler insurance is very similar to car insurance in terms of features and benefits. The only significant difference is that in this policy you get your two-wheeler insured instead of a car.
A health insurance plan is a must-have insurance product for any individual. Seeing the cost of illness and the persistent inflation in it in the country, you would be robbing your future self if you do not have a health cover for you and your family. A single accident or a tumor in your family can wipe away all your savings and render you bankrupt. A health insurance plan acts as a financial backup to meet any medical contingency with confidence. Health insurance plans also have attractive tax benefits under Section 80D of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Note: from Tax Year 2026-27 onward (income earned after 1 April 2026), this benefit is available under Section 126 of the new Income Tax Act, 2025. The section number has changed, but the deduction limits and rules remain the same.
To suit the needs of different people, there are different types of health insurance plans available, such as
Individual health insurance
Family floater health insurance
Group health insurance
Senior citizen health insurance
Women health insurance
Critical-illness insurance
Hospital daily cash
Car insurance is a type of motor insurance, and under the Motor Vehicles Act, at least third-party car insurance is mandatory for every vehicle plying on Indian roads. Driving without it can attract fines and legal liability. There are two components to a car insurance policy:
- Third-party liability cover pays for injury, death, or property damage caused to a third party by your car. This is the mandatory minimum. As per IRDAI norms, third-party death or bodily injury liability is unlimited, while property damage liability is currently capped at ₹7.5 lakh. Premiums for third-party cover are fixed by IRDAI every year and are the same across all insurers — you can't shop around on price for this part.
- Own-damage cover pays for damage to your own car from accidents, fire, theft, or natural calamities. This is priced individually by each insurer, factoring in your car's age, the Insured Declared Value (IDV), your claim history, and add-ons chosen. A comprehensive policy bundles both third-party and own-damage cover and is what most car owners buy.
A few things worth understanding before you buy or renew
Insured Declared Value (IDV)
The maximum amount your insurer will pay if your car is stolen or declared a total loss (repair cost exceeding 75% of IDV). It's calculated from the manufacturer's listed selling price minus standard depreciation and directly affects your premium — a higher IDV means a higher premium but a higher payout ceiling.
No Claim Bonus (NCB)
A discount on your own-damage premium for each claim-free year, starting at 20% and rising to a maximum of 50% after five consecutive claim-free years. NCB belongs to you, not the vehicle, so it's transferable to a new car or a new insurer, but not to a new owner if you sell your car. NCB is forfeited if you let your policy lapse for more than 90 days.
Deductibles
The amount you pay out of pocket before the insurer pays the rest of a claim. A compulsory deductible is fixed by IRDAI based on your car's engine capacity; a voluntary deductible is one you opt into for a lower premium.
Add-ons
Zero-depreciation cover, engine protection, roadside assistance, and return-to-invoice cover are common add-ons that widen your comprehensive policy's coverage for an extra premium.
IRDAI also mandates that insurers acknowledge a motor claim within a set number of days of intimation and appoint a surveyor promptly, so claims don't drag on indefinitely.
Under a home insurance policy, the general insurance company promises to cover the financial damages caused to your home or its contents. It takes decades of savings to build a house and make it a home, but a single fire accident can burn everything to ashes. So, it is recommended that you have insurance of your house.
A home insurance policy covers your house against — there are three types of home insurance, such as
Man-made calamities such as theft, riots, fire, etc.
Natural calamities such as storm, earthquake, floods, typhoon, tempest, etc.
Structure insurance: it covers the structure of your house
Contents insurance: it covers the things and valuable items kept in your house
Comprehensive home insurance policy: it covers both the structure and contents
Travel insurance covers you for any contingency that you might face when travelling abroad. The most important coverage the travel insurance plans provide you is medical coverage. Your regular health insurance plans don't cover you abroad — so if you need hospitalization in a foreign country, it would all be out-of-pocket, and treatment abroad can be filthy expensive. Also, these plans cover you for medical evacuation and repatriation. Medical evacuation means that the patient would be flown to the nearest country where the required treatment is available, and repatriation means that the mortal remains of the deceased would be sent back home.
Hence, if you are planning a trip abroad, then the first thing you should get is a travel insurance plan. It should be given as much priority as you give to your visa or boarding pass.
The other things that a travel insurance plan covers are
Delay of checked-in baggage
Loss of checked-in baggage
Personal accident
Loss of passport
Trip cancellation
Third-party liability
The types of travel insurance plans are as follows
International travel insurance plans
Domestic travel insurance plans
Senior citizen travel insurance plans
Student travel insurance plans
Annual multi-trip policies
Single trip policies
Personal Accident Insurance
A personal accident insurance compensates you or your nominee in the event of death, injury, mutilation, or impairment caused due to an accident.
This policy covers any financial loss due to theft or damage to your mobile. These days, high-end mobiles are quite expensive and there are many pick-pockets around. Hence, it is better that you take insurance for your mobile.
Everything on which you spend your hard earned money matters. Some may laugh at the idea of getting insurance for your cycle, but then, how does that matter to you? There have been many cases of cycle theft, as stealing a cycle is relatively very easy. These days, even cycles are quite expensive. So, you must get them insured.
These plans cover your specific needs for a shorter duration. These policies have a low premium and can be purchased online from any internet enabled device.
Some popular bite-size insurance plans are
Mobile screen insurance
Online fraud protection
Dengue insurance
Backpack insurance
Cab-ride insurance
For business houses, self-employed, and professionals, the following are the common types of general insurance policies that cover commercial losses.
Workman Compensation Policy
It is taken by the businessmen to cover any liability towards the workmen or their family in case of death, injury, mutilation, or disability suffered by workers in the course of their employment. Accidents are common especially in case of factory workers. Machine operators can get injured if they are negligent or due to any other reason. If workers suffer such damages while rendering their services on the premises of the business owner, the owner is liable to compensate. Such liability is taken over by the general insurer under a workman compensation policy.
Standard Fire And Special Perils Insurance
This policy provides financial protection against unforeseen contingencies such as accidental fire and allied perils as mentioned in the policy. The common allied perils are explosion/implosion, lightning, and destruction caused by aerial devices. Some policies also cover man-made perils such as strikes, riots, etc. and natural calamities like storm, tempest, typhoon, etc. The policy provides financial coverage for stock, plant and machinery, furniture and fixtures, and other contents.
Marine Insurance
Marine insurance is one of the earliest forms of insurance. It covers damage to vessels, terminals, ships, cargo, and any transport by which goods are acquired, transferred, or held between the points of origin and their final destination. The name "marine" should not confuse you — marine insurance is not limited to transfer of goods via sea or any other water body, but it covers even airplanes, air-cargo, trucks, or any other means of commercial transport.
Fleet Insurance
It is a group insurance policy that covers the whole fleet of trucks or other commercial vehicles.
Commercial Vehicle Insurance
This policy covers an individual commercial vehicle and the features are very similar to that of the car insurance policy discussed earlier.
Group Health Insurance
This type of health insurance plan is taken by the employer to cover all his/her employees under a single master policy. An employee is covered under a group health insurance plan till he/she is working with the organization. Upon separation from the company, the policy benefits cease for that individual.
Professional Indemnity Policy
This policy is very important for professionals like doctors, chartered accountants, lawyers, etc. Any negligence on part of these professionals can cause huge damages to their clients. A professional indemnity insurance cover pays the third party liabilities on behalf of the insured professionals in return for a premium.
Shoplifting Insurance
This policy compensates for the financial loss due to theft in the policyholder's shop.
Directors and Officers Insurance
This general insurance policy is designed to protect the directors and officers of a company from professional liabilities.
Cyber Risk Insurance
Cyber risk insurance protects individuals and businesses from financial losses arising from cyberattacks, data breaches, ransomware, network outages, and cyber extortion. Coverage typically includes the cost of digital forensics and incident response, legal fees, customer notification costs, regulatory fines (where insurable), and business interruption losses following an attack.
This has become one of the fastest-growing lines in Indian general insurance. India's cyber insurance market was valued at roughly ₹7,195 crore (approximately USD 752.6 million) in 2025 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 28% through 2034, driven by rising digitalisation, UPI-scale digital payment volumes, and stricter data protection compliance requirements. IT and telecom companies currently account for the largest share of cyber insurance buyers, and large enterprises still dominate uptake, though demand from India's roughly 15 million+ registered MSMEs is rising quickly as digitalisation reaches smaller businesses.
Cyber insurance is not currently mandatory in India, but is increasingly recommended by regulators including IRDAI, SEBI, and RBI as part of standard enterprise risk management — and insurers typically require basic cyber hygiene (firewalls, employee training, periodic audits) as a condition of cover.
Contractor's All Risk Cover Policy
This is an engineering insurance policy and covers all the financial risks of a builder/contractor.
Machinery Breakdown Policy
This policy compensates for the financial losses accruing due to the breakdown of plant and machinery.
Erection All Risk
This policy covers the financial risks of a builder/contractor while erecting a building.
Plant All Risk Insurance
This engineering insurance policy covers the plant and machinery such as cranes, drilling machines, etc. used in the project.
Electronic Equipment Policy
This policy covers the financial risk caused due to breakdown of electronic equipment.
Boiler Pressure Plant Insurance Policy
This policy covers the damages caused to boilers and pressure plants in a factory.
Advance Loss Of Profit Insurance Policy
This policy protects against loss of profits due to delays in construction and infrastructure projects.
Aviation Insurance
This policy covers hull losses and liabilities to passengers as well.
Crop Insurance
This policy is helpful for farmers as they can get financial cover against any damage to their crops.
Livestock Insurance
Similarly to crop insurance, this policy provides financial cover against any damage caused to the livestock of the farmers.